Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going Essay Example

Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going Essay Sailings character escaped through insanity while Chopping died of a joy that 245). Elses main character escaped behind the faded of being a happy housewife, she conformed to what life had dealt her. She also found her escape with her new husband. The mothers own needs to escape, to enjoy the outside world again with her husband (Gloss). Sailings character summed it up est. in when she states, Ive got out at last, said l, in spite of you and Jane (Gillian 419). In their own way, they beat society and the people that oppressed them. All the women triumphed somewhat in their quest to freedom, Chopping character dying of heart problems, Sailings character creeping over her husband and Elses character surviving the rearing of her child in a hard economical time. All three stones Involve a comfort zone of a sort; In Sailings her comfort zone became the yellow wallpaper, In Chopping It was the room and In Elses It was the Ironing. They could do their thinking while In their zone and no one could control heir thoughts then. Sailings character was so fascinated with the yellow wallpaper that she started hallucinating, seeing things that were not the Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? By anamorphic ant figures; for the reasons she had to make the decisions she did and in Sailings Ironing, the constraints of oppression were alive in her thoughts. Elses faded was being a housewife, she would have rather had other choices in her life and wanted more for her daughter as is told by the last quote in the story: In summary, all three women had no choice in their lives or they chose not to have a pop and do stay within society boundaries of the feminine role in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The outcome of each story is different in the way each dealt with the struggles of oppression, was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything (Gillian 412). Elses story the a Joy that kills(Chopin 245). Elses main character escaped behind the faded of All three stories involve a comfort zone of a sort; in Sailings her comfort zone became the yellow wallpaper, in Chopping it was the room and in Elses it was the ironing. They could do their thinking while in their zone and no one could control

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor #FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor â€Å"You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shouldn’t be editing.†Maggie Lyons is an editor and author of children’s fiction of Welsh extraction based in Virginia. With a background editing for Harvard University Press and Palgrave Macmillan, she spoke to us about her diplomatic approach to editing, and her experience being on the other side of the editor’s pen.–REEDSY What was it like starting as an editor in academic publishing?MAGGIE LYONS I got to edit an enormous variety of disciplines: everything from medieval history to an astronomy course. In the academic world a lot of disciplines can be edited by people who don’t have a degree in that subject. There are a few that can’t be - I’d have never agree to edit a course on relativity - but a lot can. Publishers trust that the academic writing the book is the ultimate expert, and that the editor’s job is not to check every fact in the book. I could do developmental editing for British History, Medieval History, there was a course on Churchill where I made some suggestions as well.When you’re talking about an academic volume that has multiple authors all contributing a chapter, I would not do developmental editing. For example, I’ve worked on books for Harvard University Press. By the time the manuscript gets to me the developmental editing has been done, and it’s been done by an academic in that subject, often someone cont ributing a chapter to that book. But the copy editor or line editor for an academic publisher like HUP wouldn’t do the developmental or content editing.REEDSY Do you have a process for working through a new project?MAGGIE LYONS Absolutely. The process is different depending on if I’m editing for an individual private client or a publisher. If I’m editing something for a private client, we start off with a brief discussion of the document to be edited, a contract goes back and forth, administrative things are involved, etc. Before I even accept the manuscript I’ll want to see a couple of sample pages so that I can see the amount of work involved, and obviously my fee is then based on the level or work involved. All that administrative and judgemental stuff comes first.I rarely ever edit hard-copy, I rarely mark-up paper. I much prefer to work online. I find it leads to better work - I pick up on things much more accurately when I work online. I have done work on paper, but that’s becoming very much a thing of the past. Some companies still do it, marking up everything in red ink, but that’s very unusual these days.I’ll look over the manuscript and let the writer or p ublishing house know how long it’ll take me to do. If I spot things that may be problematic, I need an answer from the writer before I even start editing. I go through the manuscript twice - I do a first and second pass, which could mean 80,000 words twice over, but I find it necessary. I’ll then put it through a spell check, and it goes back to the client. Almost always when I’m editing I put in a lot of comments and queries for the writer that need to be addressed. We get all the loose ends tied up and problems solved, and then we’ll finalise the manuscript. There’s a fourth pass through before it goes back to the client for submission.In terms of writing for a publishing house it’s slightly different - I’ll do the two passes and the spell-check, but someone else presents the author with my queries. When I work with a publisher I don’t have direct contact with the author. It’s unfortunate because that direct content te nds to give much better results.REEDSY What are some of things that need to be queried? That you can’t fix by yourself.MAGGIE LYONS For example, I was editing a manuscript by an author with HUP who was talking about places in central Asia. They had used different spellings for the same location throughout the text. So I had to check which one was correct, which do you prefer to use - he knows which one will be best, whether it’s less accents or more accepts, and so on. They have to be the one to decide that.REEDSY What are some common mistakes people make with respect to structure?MAGGIE LYONS The first thing that comes to mind is logic - sometimes sentences don’t flow logically, you need to move a sentence to the beginning rather than the end. You’re looking for things that might give the wrong meaning because of the way that they’re structured.REEDSY Is that the same for fiction? More difficult?MAGGIE LYONS I wouldn’t say more difficult, I would say you’re taking a different approach. By nature, fiction is going to involve things like plot and characterisation and points of view; you have to know how to address those differently to the issues you might have in non-fiction. It’s a different set of rules.REEDSY Is it difficult editing fiction while preserving the voice of a writer? Like, correcting problems while retaining stylistic inconsistencies.MAGGIE LYONS Dialogue will not be grammatically correct because people do not speak grammatically correctly! You want to make dialogue in fiction as natural as possible, so if there are grammatical mistakes you leave them in - it’s like hallowed ground. If everyone spoke grammatically perfect English you’d have rather boring dialogue; everyone would be the same person. That’s just one of the areas where fiction is very different from non-fiction - you’re going to have that off-the-chart stuff, while in non-fiction you can make everyone sound absolutely perfect. This is the difference between editors who specialise in either fiction or non-fiction.I’ve published children’s books myself, so I’ve seen that side as a fiction writer. When I published them I had an editor of my own, because no writer can edit themselves well - it’s psychological, you don’t want to see the mistakes you’ve made. You can’t deal with it. Itâ€℠¢s always best to have an outsider look at these things for you.REEDSY Can you talk more about being an editor undergoing editing yourself?MAGGIE LYONS I found the experience difficult for myself. I am a professional editor, I had a few ideas of my own with which my publisher’s editor did not agree - I went through a hard time with all of that. For one thing the process when you’re writing fiction is very exhausting; you seem multiple revisions, coming back to you and back again, which gets to be very tiring. Especially when you’ve already spent a lot of time writing the darn thing, and now you’re going over and over it again. It got to the point where I didn’t want to see this wretched story anymore.One of the problems is when you’re working closely with a writer you have to remember that this piece of work is their baby. If baby has an orange nose, how is the editor going to deal with that? You can’t just say â€Å"Your baby is an abomination† - you have to get the parent to realise they should be feeding the baby a few less carrots. Editors have to be diplomats. 99% of the t ime they’re right. The trick isn’t what they’re saying, but the way they’re saying it. The author is going to accept your advice much more easily if your communication and diplomacy skills are top-notch. But if you come in with a heavy hand you’re going to develop an adversarial relationship which is really death to working well.It’s much more of a partnership in the developmental or content edit stage, where the editor wants to help the writer be the best writer they can be. There’s less of that in the line-editing stage - when it comes to grammar, it’s either wrong. It’s less a suggestion, it’s more whether you want to put out a grammatically correct book, or an incorrect book.REEDSY And where do copyeditors sit on that spectrum?MAGGIE LYONS In a way, the writer is not the copyeditors client; the reader is the copyeditors client. What the editor and writer ares trying to do together is make everything as flowy and comprehensible for the reader’s sake. The goal is to create the best product for the reader.REEDSY So when preparing to work with you, what can an author do for you, as an editor?MAGGIE LYONS Before going to an editor, the writer of a work of fiction needs to go over a manuscript with a fine-tooth comb, and also to have submitted it to a critique group so that you’ve had the benefit of other people’s opinions on the whole thing. There can be years of work put into manuscripts before they reach an editor.There are many people who write, and they have wonderful ideas that should be in print - but they don’t have a good grasp of grammar. We expect to edit that - we call that mechanical editing. But their ideas and their style is something that will come from the writer, although a good editor can help with that. The copyeditor is the one that will smooth out those ruffles. There’s a mantra for copy editors: Comprehensibility, clarity, correctness, consistency, and concision.You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shou ldn’t be editing - that’s when you don’t want to obey all the rules in the book. You have to treasure a writer’s voice, especially a strong voice.–After our conversation, Maggie very kindly followed up with some comments on the degree to which exercising judgement makes all the difference in editing stylistic writing, especially fiction.–â€Å"In terms of what being a good or bad editor means, I’d like to add that being overzealous with the rule book can make pablum of a text or destroy the author’s intentions. For example, in a work of fiction, when writers want to intensify the dramatic action, they may wish to use use less commas and/or periods (full stops) and write more fragmented content. An editor who is determined to correct what seems to be sloppy style and grammar could slow down the momentum the writer has carefully built, or destroy it all together. In an academic or business context, an overzealous editor could re place all the technical jargon with standardized terminology (and at the risk of imposing the wrong meaning). When a book or a document is intended to be read by professionals serving a particular industry, the copy editor would be wise to retain the terminology the readers know and understand, regardless of whether its jargon.Good editors will respect a writer’s voice and not try to write the content in their own style. They’ll also be flexible with rules and willing to negotiate with the writer on arguable points. Points of editorial style are frequently negotiable. Points of grammar, however, much less so.I also do ESL editing (English as a second language) for clients whose mother tongue is not English. That may require some creative thinking! But I am in close touch with those clients and have plenty of opportunity to make sure I have interpreted their meaning correctly. Sometimes it can be quite a challenge because the clients have difficulty in explaining exactl y what they mean! But I love that kind of challenge.†

Ace Jeans Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ace Jeans - Speech or Presentation Example Ace Jeans views is the designer collection of denims, aimed at the sophisticated, feminine, stylish and confident lady, who is not afraid to showcase her intrinsic beauty! Ace Jeans, which is a new entrant in the denim pants market, embarks on its USP, which is its composition---certified organic cotton, non-toxic, denim. The production is based in Mexico, which significantly lowers production costs; and manufacturing is done though Border Assembly Inc. With L'Atelier as the west coast and east coast distributor in the United States, Ace Jeans is all set to invade the market. The brand will be available in local boutiques in Los Angeles and New York, as well as high-end department stores such as Bloomingdales, Saks Fifth Avenue, and Nordstrom , thus entering the horizon associated with elite wear. Say the brand owners, "We currently do not have our own brand store, therefore saving a good amount of money and cutting certain overhead charges that would typically occur running a store.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case study - Essay Example In order to remain competitive and keep strong corporate image, Eurobank creates its culture based on a strong corporate philosophy and unique national values and traditions of the home country. The relationships between corporate and national culture can be explained by a strong impact on national traditions and cultural values typical for France. They involve "loyalty and long service, paternalistic values and commitment to labor laws in its redundancy policy" (Baron & Walters 1994). Eurobank adopts the national culture as the core of its ethics and corporate image. Eurobank favors attributes that allow it to define organizational identity from the perspective of organizational actors' experiences (e.g., leadership, governance structure, professional qualities required for climbing the corporate ladder). Top management presents quality service to customers as one of the bank's main defining attributes. This is clear from the presentation of customer service as a mission, a primary goal, a tradition, a constant, a strength, a reason for everything else the bank does, and a distinctive Eurobank trademark (Brake et al 1995). A company's culture is actually an aggregate of subcultures that have developed in response to unique challenges faced, by different groups within the organization (Brake et al 1995). ... The organization provides a broad range of financial services and has an extensive national and international network. It is a highly visible and successful organization that has vied for a superior position among its competitors on many levels. The goals of the organization are pursued in accordance with an underlying ideology, or philosophy, based on beliefs, values and attitudes (Brake et al 1995). This ideology determines the 'culture' of Eurobank and provides a set of principles which govern the overall conduct of the organization's operations, codes of behavior, the management of people and its dealings with other organisations. These sets of principles may be recognized and implemented informally as 'accepted conventions' of the organization or they may be stated formally in writing. It is mission is to "offer a localized service which mirrors the values of local customers yet provides access to a sophisticated banking network is an important strand in the business strategy" ( Baron & Walters 1994). In this sense, Eurobank management has an effect on corporate culture by setting an expected standard. Managers have a high degree of autonomy which allows them to reward employees within their departments. Still, day to day, interpretations of corporate values are left up to the individual employees. They may be somewhat independent in thought, but there also may be a "groupthink" that develops in much the same way as assumptions do. Leadership helps to influence values within the corporate culture but, still, it cannot control them. Aspects of culture bleed into every activity of the organization. For Eurobank, they are often intangible qualities, but they are significant none the less. To be part of the organization's identity, an

My hypothesis is How can nutrition help fight depression and boost Dissertation

My hypothesis is How can nutrition help fight depression and boost mood and the corrlation bewtween them - Dissertation Example The answers of above questionnaire reveal the fact that depression is a biochemical process, most of the people suffering with depression start to neglect their diet as a result the symptoms becomes severe. Most of them think that eating their favorite food or ice cream uplift their mood. Cases of depressions are increasing in U.K and USA and some time best medicines can’t cure properly. Why is it so? Researchers at Harvard University found that person with Vitamin B deficiency did not respond to the anti-depressant. This Vitamin is present in green leafy vegetables, grains and beans. If the diet rich in vegetables is taken, the chances of depression reduce. Moreover the cases of depression in USA are increasing rapidly then China. Again the factor behind this is nutrition, Chinese consume large amount of fish and fish like salmon and sardines are considered rich source of ‘Omega-3-fatty acids’. This fatty acid is consumed by the brain to stays healthy. It is scie ntifically proved fact that brain uses its energy requirements from blood glucose. If the glucose level is not balanced, the person is likely to suffer with apathy, depression. Certain amino acids are required for production of serotonin that influences mood, and adrenalin, dopamine that influence motivation. Salmon, tuna, snapper, shrimps soya bean n turkey are rich sources of tryptophan.

Theories of Leadership in Professional Practise

Theories of Leadership in Professional Practise Leadership is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession. Powerful leadership skills are needed by all nurses. Now a days the U.K health care field is changing and it is always changing. Leaders in nursing has meet the opportunities and challenges that presently exist and to make work changes. Leaders are not merely a series of skills or tasks rather its an altitude that informs behaviour(Cook ,2001) A nursing leader one who is involved in the direct patient care and who continuously improves care by influencing others.(Cook,2001) Leaders are not merely those who control others but they acts as visionaries who help employees to plan,control and organise their activities. Nurse leaders should be aware of changing the environment and make changes pro actively.(Jooste.2004) Several important functions of a nurse leader are Acting as role model.Collaboration to provide optimum care.Provision of information and support.Providing care based on theory and research.An adequate for patients and health care organisation. Knowledge of management and communication skill..(http://www.neurosemantics.com/business-ns/leadership-reflections-1) Characteristics of leaders are appropriate knowledge,trust,recognition,experience,mobility,leading,virtuosity,effectiveness. The nurses hard work in achieving these goals is responsability of an effecive leadership. Royal college of nursing (1993) in the U.K introduced three initiatives that is the RCN clinical leadership programe,leading an empowered organization and the last one is the regionally -led national programmes linked to national service frame work targets. The theories of leadership are1. Great Man Theories:(1900-1940) Great Man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is a basic that great leaders are born with innate qualities, not made and intended to lead. These theories often give detailed description as great leaders are very brave and intended to rise to leadership when needed. The name Great Man was used because, at the time, leadership concepts was of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military and western 2. Trait Theories: The Great Man theory and Trait theory were the first form of theories in leadership until the mid 1940s, Trait theory assume that people recieve certain qualities and a particular quality in your personality that make them better to do good leadership. Trait theories frequently identify individual personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. If particular traits are the most important qualities of leadership, then how do we explain people who have those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the quality of being hard in using trait theories to understand leadership. 3. Contingency Theories:(1950-1980) This type of leadership mainly focusing on particular situation related to the environment that might explain which particular model of leadership is best suited for the situation and it was suggested almost 100 years ago by Mark Parker Follet. According to this theory, no effective leadership style is best in all particular circumsatances. Success depends upon a situation , including qualities of the followers, aspects of the situation and the leadership style 4. Situational Theories: Situational theories says that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situations. It also propose that different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for different levels of decision-making. 5. Behavioral Theories:(1940-1980) Behavioral theories of leadership are mainly concentrated on the belief that great leaders are made, not born and what leaders do rather than on thier qualities, this leadership theory mainly focuses on the actions of leaders not on their mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can able to become good leaders through teaching and observation. 6. Participative Theories: Participative leadership theories states that the standard leadership style is one that takes the act of putting others into account. These leaders encourage the involvement and contributions from team members and help team members feel more connected and committed to the decision-making process. In this theories, however, the leader remembers the right to allow the information of others. 7. Transactional Theories: Transactional theories is also called as managemental theories and it almost focus on the management taks,uses trade-offs to meet goals ,role of supervision, organization and group performance. These theories based on a system of achievements and a penality inflicted. 8.Transformational Theories: Transformational theories is also known as Relationship theories. It focus upon the relationship formed between leaders and followers and it identifies the common values. It motivate and create a feeling in people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. These leaders are concentrate on the performance of group members, but also want each individual to achieve the latent qualities that may be developed and lead to future success. Leaders with this style often have high principles and moral standards. I assure that leadership does not make sense without reflection. For now I would like to offer some reflections about leadership that I have been experiencing how it relates to behaviors and implications for all of us. Leadership is not a thing but a process therefore more accurately decribed using verbs than nouns.As a process its about what and how we are doing the things.there is only leadership when some one is leading and people who like that leading and so follow that lead.This makes the whole leadership thing an interpersonal process involving communicating ,relating ,acting collaborating,giving and receiving feedback(http://www.neurosemantics.com/business-ns/leadership-reflections-1) Reflections for leadership are heart of leadership about pioneering a new path:-That means Paths are pioneered by the presence of problems,difficulties ,conflicts,stresses distresses ,traumas and things not going right. Leader demands both likes and dislikes,followed and resisted. Set visions about the future. Leaders have to be able to take the heatleaders are only leaders to extent that they add value. Hall,M(1994) After all, The need for the study of leadership is getting a clear idea about the leadership that I have and want to offer as well as empowering others to manage their own states to become good leaders. Reflection is just thinking about what you have done and how you could do it better next time. Johns (2004)states that reflection is to face up and deal with a problem and resolve the contradiction between what the professional practitioner wants to be and do and what he actually does. Donald Schon (1985)suggests that there are two forms of reflection .One is during the event that is known as reflection in action and the other one is after the event that is reflection on action. Reflection is a great significance human activity in which they recreate their knowledge or skill gained, think about it, and evaluate it. There are several models of reflection like Bowskills shared thinking2008, Rolfe 2001,Johns 1995,Gibbs 1988, Kolb 1984,Argyris and Schon 1978. The models of reflection which i would like to discuss is the Johnsmodel 1995 and Bowskills shared thinking 2008 Johns model is a quality of beilng well organized reflection which provides a practitioner with a help to gain greater understanding. It is in order to produce a clearly defined through the act of sharing with a team member or an experienced adviser, which make it easier the practical contacts to develop into a knowledge at a faster rate . Johns mainly tells the significance of gained knowledge and the skill of a nurse to access, supply and put into practice information that has been gain through experience rather than theory. Reflection occurs though looking in and looking out at the situation that affects someway. Johns write out a note about the result of Carpers (1978) to expand on the opinion of looking out at an experience. Five patterns of knowing are there in the guided reflection, having a practitioner analyze the aesthetic, personal, ethical, empirical and the reflexive elements experienced through the situation. Johns model that touches on many important basic principle of a subject and allows for reflection. Bowskills Shared Thinking 2008 Nicholas Bowskill and colleagues at the University of Glasgow (Steve Brindley, Vic Lally, Steve Draper and Quintin Cutts) have suggested and developed a process of group reflection. Bowskill gave this social and a debate about the label Shared Thinking. This request completely change the impression of the practice and idea of reflection into a situation which an event happens. Shared Thinking uses for practical tasks to influence what people do the wide range of experiences from reflective informal talking in a class, and to make the people seeing the things clear. By making them public in this way, the Shared Thinking way produce a particular feeling or impression of a resource for cognitive and particular development. This interdependent approach allows each individual to use the group as a good at finding ways of solving difficulties. Each participant will get the take of others for comparing with their own personal opinion and experiences. In this model of reflection, Shared Thinking is a thorough and complete act of leaving from the ideas and to improve the reflection based around participants thinking individually or in small groups. Here in the place of a way in which organizing and can be transferred practice for a group of reflection and to achieve a particular aim of learning. Shared Thinking provides quantitative and qualitative measures of collective experience. Such practices and measures also helps a new group study of teaching methods and a new research model for examine the evidence of experience at the collective level. The model which i prefer is the Johns model because it includes looking in, looking out, Aesthetics, Personal, Ethics, Empirics, and Reflexivity. Bond, M. (1993), Stress and self-Awareness: A Guide for Nurses, Nursing Today, Butterworth Heinesman; Brown, B. and Crawford, P. (2001), Clinical governmentality A Foucaldian perspective on the policy of clinical governance in nursing, unpublished, http://www.academicarmageddon.co.uk/prog/notes.htm, accessed 18/12/05; Charnley, E. (1999), Occupational stress in the newly qualified staff nurse, Nursing Standard, vol. 13, no. 29, pp. 32-37, April 7; Cotton, A. (2001), Private thoughts in public spheres; issues in reflection and reflective practices in nursing, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36 (4), pp. 512-519; Marquis and Huston(2009) Leadership roles and managementfunctions in Nursing Theory and application 6th edition.pp.37-40 Adair,J.(1973) Action centred Leadership.Newyork;Mc Graw-Hill Johns, C (1995). Framing learning through reflection within Carpers fundamental ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of advanced nursing 22 (2): 226-34. Carper, Barbara A. (October 1978)Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing. Advances in Nursing Science 1 (1): 13-24. http://journals.lww.com/advancesinnursingscience/Citation/1978/10000/Fundamental_Patterns_of_Knowing_in_Nursing.4.aspx

Rape and Intimate Partner Abuse Essay examples -- Sex Crimes

In every 45 seconds, someone is sexually violated in the United States. Out of every 6 women, one has experienced an attempted rape or complete rape. Lesbians and bisexual women remain at increased risk of sexual victimization compared to heterosexual women. In order for a woman to determine the direction of her life, she must first determine her sexuality. Sexuality is a deep, integral part of any human’s life. This should not be a subject of coercion or debate. The society must recognize that a woman has the right to freely pre-determine her sexuality without oppression and discrimination (Burn, 2004). Traditionally, women throughout history and culture have undertaken the role of independent, non-heterosexual, women-connected existence. Lesbianism according to ancient literature review has always existed. The practice has always been unacceptable and deviant. Lesbians are subjected to rape more often than other women. Worldwide, lesbians are subjected to verbal and physical abuse. In most cultures, lesbianism occurs prior to heterosexual marriages. These facts were gathered by Faderman in 1981. Female-female romantic relationships were found in European communities since the 17th century through the early 20th century after studying the fiction and poetry written during this period (Burn, 2004). Today, many societies view bisexuality and homosexuality as a sickness. The societies deny their existence entirely. However, biologists and psychologists believe that both are mere instances of many human variations. After successful lobbying by gay and lesbian political organizations in 1974, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) eliminated homosexuality from its list of mental disorder. The APA now takes the position that homos... ...(2010). External Barriers to Help-Seeking Encountered by Canadian Gay and Lesbian Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: An Application of the Barriers Model. Violence and Victims, Vol. 25(4), 536-552. Pinto, S. (2012). Intimate Partner Violence: Sexual Abuse. CINHAL Nursing Guide. 1-2. Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The Poverty of Services for Battered Lesbians. Journal of gay and Lesbian Social Services, Vol. 4, pp 61-68. Tigert, L. M. (2001). The Power of Shame: Lesbian Battering as a Manifestation of Homophobia. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, pp 73-85. Walters, M. L. (2011). Straighten up and Act Like a Lady: A Qualitative Study of Lesbian Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Service. Vol. 23, pp 250-270. West, C. M. (2002). Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence and Dynamics. Journal of Lesbian Studies, Vol. 6(1), pp 121-127.